Description: Photograph of janitor Thomas Lawrence with mop and pail at the Citizens Telephone Co., Columbus, Ohio, ca. 1900-1918. Born in Cadiz, Ohio, in 1848, Lawrence relocated to Columbus in 1872. He passed away in 1918. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02866
Subjects: African Americans--Employment; Multicultural Ohio--African American Ohioans
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin (Ohio)
 

Description: These three employees, who were with the Works Progress Administration, worked at the Ohio Historical Society. They are: Bolden Williams, Carl G. Beason and Margaret Clark Oakfield, 1936-1937. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02617
Subjects: African Americans--Employment; Other--Ohio Historical Society; Works Progress Administration
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Glass plate negative showing Walter Black (1895- ), a Youngstown, Ohio, steelworker, in 1920. Walter Black was born in 1895 in Knoxville, Tennessee. During World War I, Black moved to Youngstown, and like many other African Americans, he sought employment in the steel industry. In 1915, Black found a job at Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company's Hubbard blast furnaces. African Americans had largely been excluded from jobs in the iron and steel industry prior to the First World War. During the war, however, a severe labor shortage led many steel companies to actively recruit African Americans for employment; as a result, thousands of African Americans migrated from the South to take new jobs in the industrial North. Starting as a common laborer, Black worked his way up to cinder snapper, scrap man, stove tender, and assistant blower. Eventually, Black became a blast furnace foreman--one of the first African Americans to be promoted to foreman in the Youngstown District. On August 16, 1920, a worked named A.S. Morris was overcome by poisonous gas while working at the top of the #2 Hubbard blast furnace. Black climbed to the top of the furnace and carried Morris to ground level. Morris, who had stopped breathing, was revived when Black applied mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. This photograph was taken shortly after he saved Morris's life. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02994
Subjects: African Americans -- Employment; Blast furnaces -- Ohio; Ohio Economy -- Economy -- Labor; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History;
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio); Trumbull County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows two laborers using a portable bag stacker built by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, Columbus, Ohio. They are working at the Etna Portland Cement Company in Cleveland, Ohio. The photograph was taken July 13, 1928. The Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, also known as the Jeffrey Mining Corporate Center, was established in 1876 as the Lechner Mining Machine Company in Columbus, Ohio by Joseph Jeffrey and Francis Lechner. The company was the number one manufacturer of coal mining machinery worldwide until the mid-twentieth century. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00925
Subjects: African Americans -- Employment; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Coal mining; Coal mines and mining -- Ohio; Inventions; Coal-mining machinery; Manufacturing industries--Ohio
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: This bucket and chain fertilizer loader was made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, Columbus, Ohio. It was operated by Armour & Company in Chicago, Illinois, November 22, 1916. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00953
Subjects: African Americans--Employment; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Chicago (Illinois); Cook County (Illinois)
 

Description: This photograph, taken at the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, Columbus, Ohio, shows men grinding and smoothing the edges of newly-cast machine parts to be used in Jeffrey equipment, May 15, 1919. The men with the grinders are using safety goggles, indicating the importance of practicing safety on the job at the Jeffrey Company. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00954
Subjects: African Americans -- Employment; Ohio Economy--Economy--Labor; Jeffrey Manufacturing Company (Columbus, Ohio)
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph depicts mechanical vibrating conveyors, or MV conveyors, made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company in Columbus, Ohio, being used at a metal casting foundry in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1955. The Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, also known as the Jeffrey Mining Corporate Center, was established in 1876 as the Lechner Mining Machine Company in Columbus, Ohio by Joseph Jeffrey and Francis Lechner. The company was the number one manufacturer of coal mining machinery worldwide until the mid-twentieth century. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00955
Subjects: African Americans--Employment; Coal mining; Coal mines and mining--Ohio; Coal mines and mining--United States; Inventions; Coal-mining machinery; Manufacturing industries--Ohio; Inventors--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Labor;
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio); Columbus (Ohio)
 

Description: This drilling machine was made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio. This mining machine was used to drill holes in the coal "face" so that explosives could be inserted to "shoot down" the coal. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00977
Subjects: African Americans -- Employment; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Jeffrey Manufacturing Company (Columbus, Ohio)
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is an example of an early "Turtleback" locomotive built by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio. Electricity was supplied from an overhead wire connected to the locomotive by way of a trolley pickup. This type of locomotive could travel approximately 5 miles per hour. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00984
Subjects: African Americans -- Employment; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Jeffrey Manufacturing Company (Columbus, Ohio)